Using crushed waste bricks for urban greening with contrasting grassland mixtures: no negative effects of brick-augmented substrates varying in soil type, moisture and acid pre-treatment

Abstract Ecological restoration aims at supporting biodiversity and ecosystem services, urban greening is a great opportunity to achieve this goal. This facilitated by species-rich seed mixtures based on local provenances, which are designed for certain nutrient moisture regimes functional plant traits. Such grassland might be cultivated crushed waste bricks, would new component of water-holding substrates. Thus, we studied the effects brick quantity quality, acid pre-treatment soil type biomass mixtures. Three greenhouse experiments were conducted, with substrates consisting different ratios (5% vs. 30%), types (clean production demolition material), treatments (acid control) tested three trait-based non-regional commercial standard mixture. The included information specific leaf area, mass grass-to-legume ratio. There no negative texture biomass. Acid-treated clean porous bricks improved intermediate mixtures, while effect was minimal bricks. Designed had similar mixture under dry conditions but did not benefit from high like In conclusion, useful additive save raw material, specifically regional can replace these